ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОМОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ ФОСФОРНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА РОСТ, РАЗВИТИЕ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ПОМИДОРА (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)

Abstract

This article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the effects of the bio-modified phosphorus fertilizer “BM–AMMOPHOS”, enriched with the phosphate-solubilizing strain Bacillus subtilis BS-26, on soil agrochemical properties, enzymatic activity, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cultivar “Yusupovsky”) productivity under calcareous serozem soils of the Tashkent region.

It was established that the application of “BM–AMMOPHOS” significantly enhances phosphorus bioavailability due to the prolonged preservation of mobile P₂O₅ forms in the soil. After 30 days, available phosphorus content in the “BM– AMMOPHOS” treatment reached 90–98 mg/kg, which is more than twice as high as in the conventional “AMMOPHOS” treatment (36–38 mg/kg). At the same time, a substantial increase in soil phosphatase activity (by 1.5–1.7 times) was observed, indicating the activation of microbial processes and enhanced transformation of poorly soluble phosphorus compounds.

Improved phosphorus nutrition resulted in a marked stimulation of tomato growth and development, including increases in plant height, leaf number, clusters, flowers, and fruit set. The most pronounced effect was observed at an application rate of 50 kg/ha of “BM–AMMOPHOS”, where yield reached 39.4 c/ha, which is 49.2% higher compared to the control.

The results demonstrate that bio-modification of mineral phosphorus fertilizers is an effective agronomic approach to increase phosphorus use efficiency, reduce its fixation in soil, and enhance crop productivity. These findings confirm the potential of “BM–AMMOPHOS” for sustainable agriculture in soils with low phosphorus mobility.