FARG‘ONA VODIYSI SUG‘ORILADIGAN QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGI EKIN YER MAYDONLARI TUPROQLARIDAGI GUMUS, HARAKATCHAN FOSFOR VA ALMASHINUVCHI KALIY TA’MINLANGANLIK MIQDORI BO‘YICHA AGROKIMYOVIY XARITOGRAMMALAR TUZISH (FARG‘ONA VILOYATI DANG‘ARA TUMANI TUPROQLARI MI

Abstract

It is aimed at determining the level of soil provision with humus, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium based on agrochemical research conducted annually on at least 20% of irrigated agricultural land and, based on this, developing a scientific basis for annual mineral fertilizers for agricultural crops. As a result, soil fertility, crop yields, and the balance of nutrients in nature will improve.

During the nutrition process of cultivated plants, soil interacts with fertilizer, soil+plant interacts with fertilizer, soil+fertilizer interacts with plant. This process determines the quantity and quality of the yield obtained as a result of the interaction of the following objects. It is advisable to establish scientifically based annual rates of mineral fertilizers for crops only on the basis of studying the relationship between "soil-plant-fertilizer."

Today, intensive farming is developing and reaching a new level worldwide, including in our republic, and it has become clear that in all parts of the Earth, plants are grown mainly in soil conditions (99.6%). Therefore, it has been scientifically substantiated that providing the population with safe, environmentally friendly food products is possible only by increasing the yield per hectare. This indicates the need to increase crop yields through the widespread use of modern equipment and technologies.

Before applying mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to determine the amount of mobile forms of nutrients (N, P, K... and others) distributed in the soil layer where plant roots are located. Because for obtaining high yields of agricultural crops, the missing part of nutrients necessary for plants in the soil is replenished through mineral fertilizers.

Therefore, when determining the annual norms of mineral fertilizers, it is very important to determine them based on agrochemical maps and re-establish this system. Establishing fertilizer norms based on agrochemical maps increases not only crop yields but also soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency, ultimately saving all land users, preserving the fertility of irrigated agricultural lands, and improving the balance of nutrients in nature year after year.

It is known that in recent years, cotton and winter wheat have been grown in large areas, and with their harvest, many nutrients are removed from the soil. Only the nutrients contained in the roots and fallen leaves return to the soil. In such cases, if sufficient mineral and local fertilizers are not applied to the soil, the absorbed nutrients remain unfilled, which seriously affects soil fertility and leads to a decrease in its fertility.

Determining the properties of soils, that is, physical, physicochemical, chemical, and biological processes, allows for the effective and rational use of mineral fertilizers used in agriculture. Moreover, it is difficult for plants to assimilate the total amount of nutrients in the soil, and their transition from a general form to an easily digestible form, as well as the occurring reverse process, determines the conditions of plant nutrition.

If the soil contains a large amount of nutrients readily absorbed by plants, the need for fertilizers is significantly reduced; otherwise, more fertilizers are required. In the process of nutrition, a close connection between the plant, soil, and fertilizer is clearly manifested.