ISSIQXONA SHAROITIDA BODRING ANTRAKNOZI: ETIOLOGIYA, PATOGENEZ VA ZAMONAVIY DIAGNOSTIKA (SHARH)

Abstract

Cucumber anthracnose is one of the most widespread and economically harmful diseases under greenhouse conditions. The disease is mainly caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, which induces necrotic lesions on leaves, stems, petioles, and fruits, thereby reducing product quality and yield. This review analyzes recent scientific data on the etiology, pathogenesis, distribution features of cucumber anthracnose in greenhouse ecology, symptomatology, and modern diagnostic methods. The analysis of literature sources showed that C. orbiculare is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and that melanized appressoria and effector proteins play an important role in the infection process. It was also established that high humidity, the presence of water on the leaf surface, condensate formation, and insufficient air circulation are the main ecological factors promoting disease development in greenhouse conditions. Along with morphological characteristics, the significance of multilocus phylogenetic analysis, qPCR assays, CAPS markers, and artificial intelligence-based diagnostic methods was highlighted. The results of the analysis demonstrated that modern diagnostic technologies play an important role in the early detection of cucumber anthracnose, the improvement of phytosanitary monitoring, and the development of integrated plant protection measures.