BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN PESTS OF HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Abstract

Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is a vital ornamental tree in urban landscapes, but its health is increasingly compromised by specialized pests. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the bioecological characteristics of the tree's primary pests, with a major focus on the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). The study details the pest's life cycle, from egg-laying to the destructive larval mining phases, and its remarkable ability to overwinter in leaf litter. These biological traits lead to premature defoliation and weakened tree vitality. Furthermore, the research evaluates current control measures, including mechanical leaf removal, the use of pheromone traps, and systemic insecticide applications. The article concludes that a singular approach is insufficient; instead, an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy that combines biological, cultural, and targeted chemical methods is essential for the sustainable protection and preservation of horse chestnut populations in modern urban environments.